Field trip Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Field trip - Essay Example The chose outcrop is inside the Marietta topographic quadrangle. It is situated along highway 7 in Ohio, West Virginia. As far as the co-ordinates, it is inside Sec. 2, T2N, R9W. The outcrop exists inside a rise of 640, which is from its base. The Bedrock Geology of Washington County rates the outcrop as of Pennsylvanian age. The stone arrangement is of the Monongahela gathering. The general stone sorts that exist in this outcrop are shale, siltstone, red shale, and greywacke. Therefore, the accompanying breakdown depicts the different arrangements that make up the basal layers: Layer 1 is comprised of 0.5m shale which is greenery green. It additionally has a lot of greenery fossils and has a secured basal contact. This layer lies at a horizontal convergence with siltstone. Layer 2 comprises of 1.5m siltstone. This is greenish dim in shading and exists as a composite. It is likewise shrouded in greenery fossils and has a secured basal contact. It lies at a parallel crossing point with red shale. Layer 3 comprise of 3.0m of red shale that is to a great extent rosy in shading. This likewise has secured basal contact and plant fossils. Layer 4 has 1.7m of greywacke that is dim in shading. This layer tightens along the side and comes up short on the plants. Its basal contact is unpredictable. Layer 5 is 2.2m of dark siltstone comprised of bigger parallel grains. There are no greeneries and the basal contact is lopsided. Layer 6 has 3.5m of greywacke with bigger grains. Layer 7 is comprised of 1.5m of horizontally layered greywacke. The last layer 8 is comprised of 1.5m of dark granulated siltstone. From such an investigation, different surmisings can be drawn from the outcomes, and the relating examination can be contrasted with previous hypothesis. This is significant in understanding the scene of such a district because of the dynamic nature it has. The ridges are overwhelmingly made of greywacke sandstones because of their protection from enduring. The valleys are something else

Vera Bradley Free Essays

Awful Brads BBQ bought a bit of gear by paying $5,000 money. They additionally caused a transportation cost of $400 to get the gear to its processing plant. The reasonable estimation of this hardware is $7,000. We will compose a custom exposition test on Vera Bradley or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now For what sum should Bad Brads BBQ record the gear? | $5,000. | $5,400. | $7,000. | $7,400. | Research and advancement expenses ought to be: | Expensed in the period acquired. | Expensed in the period they are resolved to be fruitless. | Deferred pending assurance of progress. | Expensed if fruitless, promoted if effective. | Goodwill is: Amortized over the more noteworthy of its evaluated life or forty years. | Only recorded by the vender of a business. | The overabundance of the reasonable estimation of a business all in all over the reasonable estimation of all net recognizable resources. | Recorded when made inside through promoting cost. | Which of coming up next is viewed as a â€Å"contra† account? | Unearned Revenue. | Goodwill. | Accumulated Depreciation. | Costs of Good Sold. | Using the straight-line strategy, devaluation cost for 2012 would be: | $12,000. | $11,000. | $60,000. | None of different answers are right. Utilizing the straight-line strategy, the book an i ncentive at December 31, 2012 would be: | $44,000. | $49,000. | $55,000. | $60,000. | Using the twofold declining balance strategy, devaluation cost for 2012 would be: | $24,000. | $22,000. | $19,000. | $20,000. | Using the twofold declining balance strategy, deterioration cost for 2013 would be: | $22,000. | $13,200. | $14,400. | $24,000. | Berry Co. buys a patent on January 1, 2012, for $40,000 and the patent has a normal helpful existence of five years with no lingering esteem. Expecting Berry Co. ses the straight-line strategy, what is theâ amortization expenseâ for the year finished December 31, 2013? | $0. | $8,000. | $16,000. | $40,000. | Abbott Company bought a PC that cost $10,000. It had an expected helpful existence of 5 years and no leftover worth. The PC was deteriorated by the straight-line technique and was sold toward the finish of the fourth year of utilization for $3,000 money. Abbott should record: | an addition of $1,000. | lost $1,000. | neither an addition no r a misfortune †the PC was sold at its book esteem. | neither an addition nor a misfortune †the increase that happened for this situation would not be perceived. | The most effective method to refer to Vera Bradley, Essay models

Strong Satire Essay Writing Tips and Strategies

Strong Satire Essay Writing Tips and Strategies If you are wondering how to write a perfect satire essay step by step, this article is for you. We are going to explore various tips for writing a satire essay and look at some great examples to guide your interest in how to write a strong satire essay. What is a satire essay? While covering the course of Literature, you have definitely read some satirical works which were very popular in the 18th-19th centuries. The constant changes in society, from the age of industrialization to a modern era of technological advances, has brought a lot of controversies and different opinions on various topics. The term “satire” means the literal technique which helps writers to criticize and expose different phenomena through sarcasm, exaggeration, irony, hyperbole, grotesque, allegory, and parody. According to the Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms, satire is “a mode of writing that exposes the failings of individuals, institutions, or societies to ridicule and scorn.” This way, a satire essay is the form of expression ridicule through those elements. It’s imperative to remember that the satire essay doesn’t aim to humiliate personalities or individuals; a satire essay is produced to show a constructive and objective criticism to bring improvement in society or change the attitude to the topic discussed. How to write a perfect satire essay? Writing satire essay doesn’t have a strict format, however, there are some general requirements to be met while outlining it. How to write a satire essay outline? Here is step by step guide about how to write a satirical essay: Make a choice. Choose the topic you want to address, whether it’s a political debate or social movements, it’s up to you to choose. Whatever you choose, ask yourself “Why?” Why do you want to discuss this problem? Why is it personally important to you? To what extent does it matter? In this way, you’ll help yourself to identify the goal and aim of your satire essay writing. Make a choice to know your goal. The format and structure of satire essay. Writing a satire essay outline will include five sections. They are introduction, body with three paragraphs, and conclusion. Introduction. Introduce your topic in the most effective way to attract readers. Start with a rhetorical question, personal anecdote, quote, or humorous story. In this part, you have to clearly state your opinion and your thesis. Explain why you chose this topic. Your goal in this section is to challenge the reader’s beliefs and evoke their emotions. Make your topic choice be relevant to your audience. Introduce three arguments to support your main claim. Body: Ethos. Describe and define the issue. Explain the importance to an audience by using satirical techniques to expose hypocrisy. Describe your first argument. Use humor and irony to reveal your personal attitude to the issue. Logos. The audience needs evidence! Introduce your second argument Employ facts and statistical analysis. Exaggeration will perfectly work in this part because by exaggerating numbers you will make an emphasis on the topic. Pathos. Emotions and feelings are very important! In the third paragraph try to evoke emotional appeal in the audience making them laugh to tears, or cry laughing. Conclusion. There is no need to imply humor or satire in this part It is a great opportunity for you to call the audience on actions. Your thesis should be restated. Propose a possible solution to the problem. This should be realistic. Tips for writing a satire essay There are several tips on how to write a good satire essay that will help you to be directed in the satirical mood, and inspire you to employ humor techniques in the most tolerant fashion: ELP. Use ethos, logos, and pathos for every argument you present to persuade the audience in your main thesis you started in the introduction part. Ethos informs people of their beliefs and issue. Logos prove the audience with facts and statistics. Pathos evokes feelings and appropriate emotions to the issue: sympathy, empathy, sadness etc. In an essay, your goal will have to persuade and convince the audience. ELP is a great technique, which you can use not only in the writing of a satire essay but also in your work, college life, to high school essays. Tolerance. You have to learn to employ satire and irony in the most tolerant way without any offensive remarks. There is the boundary between irony and offense. To know the end of each is a great art which will take years of practice and deep understanding of human psychology. Learn to integrate irony, oxymoron, understatement in the most natural and “organic” way, so that it will naturally flow in the context. Don’t make an audience distinguish between the satire and realistic argument. Counterclaims. Use counter argument as a great opportunity for you to challenge and persuade the audience. First of all, it will make readers think of you as a professional writer because you present an objective criticism, not sticking to only your opinion. Counterclaim will help you to look at the issue from the different perspective. It’s imperative for you as a writer to prove why the counterclaim will not work. Credible sources. How to write a satire essay example? Quotes, stats, and facts require credible sources. Anything you provide evidence for your sub-arguments needs a credible source. So, check your sources, cite them and present it to an audience. Learn your audience. It’s imperative to define which specific message you want the audience to get. Determine which type of audience you are trying to get: age, gender, occupation, social status etc. Moreover, you need to be ready for criticism. People have different opinions and thoughts, but you should stay true to your opinions. The reader’s interest is not in ensuring that evil is bad, but in working through the implications given by moral positions and controversies in your satire essay. The best satire essay topics How to write a satire essay topics? What is the example to look for? There is no “the best” or “the worst” essay topics to write. It’s more of how you will manage to deliver your message in the most effective way to an audience. Everything depends on you. However, here is the list of some great topics for a satire essay to start with: High rates of suicide commitments Global warming Teen depression Gender inequality The concepts of feminism The ideal image of a woman created by mass media Globalization E-government Racial discrimination LGBTQ rights Social Media Addiction The list can go forever, but these are the topics which most controversial, most important, and most relevant to the society we live in. I would like to present several great examples of satire essays before writing a satire essay. Here are some great satire novels of classical literature: Voltaire “Candide” Orwell “Animal Farm” Johnathan Swift “Gulliver’s Travels” Mark Twain “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” Miguel de Cervantes “Don Quixote” Oscar Wilde “The Importance of Being Earnest” The tone of satire might vary from tolerant humor and amusement as was in the works by Horace to a bitter indignation as it can be seen in the works by Moliere, Byron, and Voltaire. If you want to read more in the form of articles and news report, here is a great example: “Fun boy banned because of three stupid dead kids”. In addition, one of the most prominent magazines that work in the sphere of humor and satire is The New Yorker, where you will find so much inspiration and great resources to explore and practice. There is a great discrepancy between the usage of satire in literature and in journalism. That’s where you need to pay a close attention to understand it properly. Satire in literature is tended to parade or imitate other genres or literary models. For example, the travel book imitated by Gulliver’s Travels, or the conversation in Horace’s Satires. In contrast, you need to pay your attention to the fact that satire essays published in magazines and newspapers have a more direct conversation with the audience. It’s important to remember that satire sharpens our moral faculties and suggests applications of our moral knowledge. Satire essay has to raise moral dilemmas and express the moral viewpoint. In conclusion, before writing the satire essay you need to know your goal, learn the target audience, and look over other people’s satire essays which inspired you. You should conduct a decent research on the topic and type of essay that you are going to cover. Do your best to find your writing style and determine what part you want to make an emphasis on, whether it’s the subject of the argument, evidence, moral dilemma, or your word choices. Use ethos, logos, and pathos in order to persuade and convince the audience in your argument. But also, remember to integrate stylistic figures with humor, oxymoron, irony, or understatement, so that you’ll be able to express your moral viewpoint.

A Christmas Carol Essay - 1010 Words

A Christmas Carol was written by Charles Dickens in 1843. Life for the lower class during this time was extremely hard because of enormous amounts of illnesses, young children worked and no education. A Christmas Carol was set in mid 19th century, during this time people had a really bad time; most of the people was unemployed and the people who were employed were paid deficiently, others were seasonal or casual, which meant they were when work was available so most of the families lived in poverty which means that they didn’t have access to nice food and clothes and children were also used for the family income so the children had to work in work houses. In contrast the rich people had access to doctors, plenty of food and didn’t have to†¦show more content†¦The novel is written in first person. The narrator uses self referencing, â€Å"Mind! I don’t mean to say that I know my own knowledge.† This shows that the narrator is referencing to him. Dickens uses 1st person narrator to persuade the reader that the moral message is relevant so that the reader creates a relationship with the narrator and trusts the information provided. The phrase â€Å"Dead as a doornail† is a simile. Dickens uses this phrase at the beginning of the story to get the reader interested in the story and makes them want to read on. Dickens uses colloquialisms to communicate to the reader to make the narrator honest so that the reader believes what he says, so that the reader positions the reader to accept the extraordinary events that follow. Dickens uses non-finite verbs to show how evil scrooge is and how he lends money and sets the interest rates, and then he fights to get every penny back. Dickens uses non finite verbs like â€Å"aShow MoreRelatedA Christmas Carol854 Words   |  4 PagesA Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens. In this extract we are presented with Scrooge. From the beginning Scrooge is presented as a miser. In the extract we find out that he is an old, rude and ignorant man that doesn’t appreciate others around him. Dickens uses different language techniques to describe Scrooges appearance as clear as possible. In the opening paragraph Dickens uses imagery to create a vivid impression of Scrooge. He is described as ‘a tight-fisted hand at the grind-stone’, and thisRead MoreA Christmas Carol Essay1304 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Each ghost marks an important step in Scrooge’s journey towards being a better person. Explain In Dickens five stave novella each ghost in A Christmas Carol contributes to the final redemption of his journey to becoming a better person. The ghosts take Scrooge on a journey, physically, taking him to visit important aspects of his past, present and future and these journeys metaphorically empathy enlightenment that he needs to change into a more humane person. The five staves outline how he growsRead MoreScrooge in A Christmas Carol2375 Words   |  10 Pages In a time in which the significance of Christmas gradually started to change, Charles Dickens, in accordance with these changes, wrote a Christmas tale: A Christmas Carol. The novella was published six days in advance of the Christmas celebrations of 1843; it was sold out three days later. Although a socially engaged narrative, Dickens’ work is not occupied with trivialities such as the introduction of Christmas cards; instead A Christmas Carol focuses on the transforming beliefs and valuesRead MoreThe Case Of A Christmas Carol1339 Words   |  6 Pagesmarriage and gender roles. In the case of A Christmas Carol, Charles Dickens wants readers to see how living a life that radiates love and promotes happiness is better than being selfish and living a miserable life, and how past circumstances heavily influence who we are as people. The two messages both authors want readers to take away from the story, although different, achieve the takeaway through the utilization first person narration. Furthermore, the narration in these stories also consistsRead MoreThe Symbols Of A Christmas Lessol : A Christmas Carol1818 Words   |  8 PagesA Christmas Carol was published relatively early in his career, appearing in 1843 when Dickens was 31. The tale is one of a series of short stories on a subject that had long preoccupied its author: the importance of celebrating Christmas. One of Dickenss earliest published works was a defense of this holiday against its enemies, both religious, and irreligious. The former objected to the pagan unseemliness of feasting and frolicking in celebration of the birth of Christ. The latter objected toRead MoreChristmas Carol Analysis679 Words   |  3 PagesCesar Granda E.G 121 When reading A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens you realize that Scrooge’s childhood has a huge impact on his adult life, his adult self is a mirror image of his child self, both in his emotions and relationships. This becomes apparent when the ghost of Christmas past appears and takes Scrooge on a journey back into his childhood days. His childhood really molds Scrooge into the person he becomes later in life. Scrooge was a lonely and withdrawn child becauseRead MoreEssay on A Christmas Carol2313 Words   |  10 PagesA Christmas Carol Stave 1: Scrooge’s character is established early in stave 1. Dickens shows his popularity by showing us his relationships with people in his surroundings. We can tell scrooge is unpopular as the narrator portrays him as a â€Å"Tight fisted hand at the grindstone.† Scrooges name give us a similarity between the word scrounge what is to be tight with money and every opportunity to make money, this automatically helps us launch an understanding that he is tight with hisRead MoreThe Music Of A Christmas Carol1333 Words   |  6 Pageswhen Hester claims that she thought it was her playing the organ (Gaskell 18). Being that Miss Furnivall is deaf, and is therefore an unlikely musician, this insinuates that Miss Furnivall is connected to this problem. However similar to â€Å"A Christmas Carol†, the music is suggested to be derived from ghostly means, because the organ is found to be broken inside, therefore unable to be played normally (Gaskell 18). This thought is later underlined when the child, Rosamond, goes missing, and ghostsRead More A Christmas Carol Essay2141 Words   |  9 PagesA Christmas Carol Lots of people take great pleasure in listening or telling ghost stories. People enjoy this because it gives them a chance to tell people maybe some of their own experiences, stories or their ideas. Some of these may be very scary and some may only be mildly scary. It is also a good way of socialising as you are talking to people and sharing experiences that people may find extremely interesting, resulting in them thinking you are very intellectual, as telling storiesRead More Christmas Carol Essay744 Words   |  3 PagesChristmas Carol How does Charles Dickens convey the character of scrooge in the early pages of a Christmas Carol? Charles Dickens, is best known for his host of distinctively cruel, repugnant characters. His father was sent to a Debtors prison taken his son Charles with him maybe this is where some of the ideas for characters came from. After a few years, Dickens left the prison to work in a blacking factory. Dickens started writing in prosperous Victorian England, where only the

Political Identities in Malaysia since Its Independence in...

Q: Since gaining independence in 1957, which social cleavages have been important in shaping the identities of political parties in Malaysia? As is the case for many (relatively) new democracies, Malaysia’s electoral backdrop has been influenced by competing social cleavages since gaining its independence in 1957. But which social cleavages have been important in shaping the identities of political parties in Malaysia? This essay highlights which social cleavages have played an instrumental part in maintaining the identities of each of the major parties within Malaysia, and which cleavage dimension has been politicised to create the strongest electoral division. It will first assess to what extent social cleavages in Malaysia have been†¦show more content†¦The resulting cleavage structure is the product of complex relations of crosscutting and reinforcing cleavages – largely defining the setup of a party system which outlines political platforms, individual party behaviour, and the potential for coalition forming. To assess which cleavage structures have typically divided voters within a given party system, the party system must have been ‘frozen’ – whereby the party system has effectively politicised a certain issue dimension where political parties emerge from and have maintained their relevance in the system due to the salience of such issues. For many Western democracies, Lipset and Rokkan assessed that two revolutions have been responsible for structuring certain cleavages in party systems: the national revolution was responsible for politicising the differences of the centre/periphery and the religious/secular while the industrial revolution characterised the urban/rural and capital/labour divides. However, Malaysia is a relatively new democracy. There has never been a national revolution which divided the centre/periphery and the religious/secular, nor was it the case of urban/rural and capital/labour divides of the industrial revolution – at least not to the point of freezing the party system. So how can we apply the model put forth by Lipset and Rokkan to account for the politicisation of social cleavages in Malaysia? Ufen writes that the structures of party systems mirror real socialShow MoreRelatedMalaysias International Relations Essay956 Words   |  4 Pagesof growth, and official manipulation of social identities join in the regulation of social order that facilitates capital accrual while maintaining state legitimacy in a multi-ethnic context. Therefore the term international relations can be describe in various dimensions such as political economy that basically looking into way of discovering how politics generates power over economics as well as associate. On the other hand international political economy is resource, which demonstrates the abilityRead MorePAD270 Chapter 2 Political Development After Independence2270 Words   |  10 PagesSIAN POLITICS PAD270 MALAYSIAN POLITICS C HAP T E R INDEPENDENCE Lecture by: Miss Farhana binti Yaakub 1 OUTLINE 2.1 Nation Building 2.2 The Formation of Malaysia 2.3 Period of Emergency 2.4 13th May 1969 Incident 2.5 Plural Society in Malaysia 2.6 Unity and National Integration 2 2.1 NATION BUILDING â€Å"Nation building is a distinctive concept which relates to the development of politics, characterized by stability and the people’s firm commitment to it. To achieve this, nation building involvesRead More Architecture, Power, and National Identity Essay examples2166 Words   |  9 PagesHaving a sense of belonging is one of several fundamental human needs and national identity refers to a person’s sense of belonging to one country with its history, values and traditions. Since achieving independence in 1957, the issue of Malaysia’s national identity has been in the spotlight due to its strong social, political and economical factors implication. As a multi-cultural country, the search for a national identity is not an easy undertaking as Malaysians consist of different ethnics such asRead MoreHarry Lee Kuan Yew2292 Words   |  10 Pages had given his sons an English education. His grandfather gave him the name Harry while the name Kuan Yew was given by his father. He was mostly known as Harry Lee for his first 30 or so years, and still is to many close friends and family. Since entering politics, he has mostly styled himself Lee Kuan Yew. Mr Lee married Kwa Geok Choo on 30 September 1950. His wife died on 2 October 2010 in her sleep. They have two sons and one daughter. Several members of Lees family hold prominent positionsRead MoreThe Critical Issues of Malaysian Education System2047 Words   |  9 PagesEducation in Malaysia is overseen by two government ministries, The Ministry of Education (Kementerian Pelajaran in Malay) which handles matters pertaining to pre-school, primary school, secondary school and post-secondary school. Matters regarding tertiary education are dealt with by the Ministry of Higher Education (Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi in Malay) which formed at year 2004 with the intention to provide a better supervision on tertiary education issues. Each state has an Education DepartmentRead More1 Malaysia5616 Words   |  23 Pagescountry’s leaders before Najib, and has been interpreted in various shapes and forms over the span of five decades of Independence. If we truly study it, what has chan ged is the approach and implementation according to the ever-changing times and generations. (1Malaysia Booklet, 2009) In other words, 1Malaysia is a concept to foster unity amongst the multi-ethnic people of Malaysia, substantiated by key values that every Malaysian should observe. The approach is not independent of the Government’sRead MoreThe Impact of Information Communication Technology on Malaysia Communication Culture in the Era of Globalization7293 Words   |  30 PagesTECHNOLOGY ON MALAYSIA COMMUNICATION CULTURE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION Saiful Nujaimi Abdul Rahman, M.Sc. Department of Communication, Faculty of Modern Languages Communication, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Abdul Rashid Md. Ali, PhD Department of Communication, Faculty of Modern Languages Communication, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Siti Zobidah Omar, PhD Department of Communication, Faculty of Modern Languages Communication, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia This is an uneditedRead MoreLeadership, Negotiation, and Decision Making of Malaysis and Saudia Arabia2333 Words   |  10 Pagestheoretical framework. The third part discusses the managerial implications, and finally future possible research. Conclusion During the process of this research I set out to see what is the leadership, negotiation, and decision making of leaders from Malaysia and Saudi Arabia? I was curious to know how do Saudi Arabian and Malaysian leadership, decision making, and negotiation differs? And How the attributes of good leaders from Malaysian and Saudi Arabian perspective differ? 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Marketing ethics Free Essays

string(49) " who believes that the advertisement is immoral\." To begin this paper I would first give a definition of what Marketing Ethics is. From what I have gathered â€Å"Marketing ethics is the area of applied ethics which deals with the moral principles behind the operation and regulation of marketing.† (www. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now wikipedia.org). It is common knowledge that the area of ethics is rather wide. People sometimes confuse ethics with that of morality. Thus, a distinction may be called upon in order to understand things better. Ethics is vaster than that of morality. Ethics is the study of values and customs of a group of people. Ethics is divided into three parts, meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics. Of the three, marketing ethics is under applied ethics. Now, when one talks about morality a clear distinction must be made between ethics and morality. By morality, one means simply a concept under ethics which dwells with matters of right and wrong. Having made the distinction let us now go on to what is meant by applied ethics from whence marketing ethics is a part. Applied ethics is something which aims to apply theoretical ethics such as utilitarianism, Kantianism among many others to real world dilemmas. (www.wikipedia.org). Such is one of the purposes of this paper. Upon closely examining the way Subway operates we will then go on to look and to evaluate from two different ethical perspectives whether Subway is doing something unethical or not. In this paper I choose two contrasting ethical frameworks that of Utilitarianism and Kantianism, to examine the way Subway operate according to these two ethical standards. I will now move on to introducing the side of the two ethical issues. The philosopher Immanuel Kant developed Kantianism. His ethics is called deontological because it revolves primarily around duty. All actions should be done according to duty because it is what we â€Å"ought to† do. For Kant, all humans are rational being and thus humans ought to know what is good and what is bad which can be seen on his idea of categorical imperative. This is what I meant earlier by doing something because you â€Å"ought to† do it. It is categorical imperative because you have no other choice but to do it, thus the term â€Å"ought†. Kant pays little respect for things done out of emotion or feelings, thus for him, saving a drowning child out of pity is not a moral thing to do. The only moral thing for him are things done out of duty. According to Kant the consequence of an action holds no bearing in making it a moral act. For him humans are different from other animals because of our faculty of reason. Thus, we must treat each and everyone with respect simply on the grounds that s/he is human and thus one does not deserve and should not be treated simply as a means towards an end. The second ethical framework I chose is utilitarianism. In utilitarianism the moral worth of an action is determined by the utility it has to offer. It is the exact opposite of Kantianism in that for a utilitarian sacrificing a person to achieve a better end is not bad. If an action would produce the betterment of the many then it is okay for them to sacrifice a few if such is the only way to save more people. For example, if the world is taken over by aliens and the only way to save it is to offer the hearts of twenty very young children as a sacrifice and to appease the intruders so that they would leave us alone, then the action the world must take, for a utilitarian, is to do the offering as soon as possible. There is no room for pity or the like if such would be the only means there is to save the world. The rights of the twenty chosen children to live would be overridden by the lives of the remaining population of the world. Such is the way a utilitarian point of view operates. Also, for a utilitarian the unique ability of humans is their ability to feel pleasure and pain. So, for a utilitarian the moral thing to do is one that would produce the higher amount of pleasure. The utilitarians believe that the end justifies the means. Seeing the philosophy utilitarians live by one must clearly see that it is the exact anti-thesis of Kantianism. Before analyzing the marketing strategy of Subway one must first have a background of what Subway is. Subway is a multinational restaurant franchise. The foods they offer are mainly that of salads and sandwiches. Subway, a health restaurant which is very concern over diet and nutrition, is founded in 1965 by Fred de Luca and Peter Buck. Subway is very famous and very successful worldwide even though the foods they offer are rather expensive. Their success may be attributed to the fact that they know or they try to know the mentality of their customers. The restaurant is very health conscious which a very common trend is nowadays, with everyone trying their best in order not to be overweight. Having discussed the two ethical frameworks I would later use on this paper, I would now move on to the evaluation of the marketing strategy of Subway. To begin, I would first give a lay-out of how subway does their marketing. I have read one article of how subway did some of its marketing. On this particular article Subway chose a rather unique form of advertising which shocked and enraged Americans. They managed to enrage the Americans by promoting the film â€Å"Super Size Me† and by using as an advertisement the fat statue of Liberty holding some burgers and fries with a bold headline saying â€Å"WHY ARE AMERICANS SO FAT?† Of course the Americans are known to be people who show great value on their prides thus the advertisement caused them to get mad. There are Americans who believes that the advertisement is immoral. You read "Marketing ethics" in category "Essay examples" Looking at an unbiased point of view I think that what Subway did is of course insensitive and a little off the mark. However, companies would do everything in their power in order to attract more customers. For that, I would say that Subway indeed succeeding in doing their marketing strategy by catching the eye of the public. In this regard, I would say that Subway did their marketing on a utilitarian basis. What made me think so would be discussed later on this paper. Analyzing what Subway did in the point of view of a believer of the Kantian theory, a Kantian would say that what subway did is not acceptable because they treated the Americans as a means to achieve their end which for a Kantian is a crime. For a Kantian, Subway failed to treat the Americans with the respect due to them as individuals. No matter how great the end result would have been for Subway, fact remains that they used others to obtain their end and it is not acceptable. In a Kantian point of view Subway did something wrong. On a utilitarian point of view however, they would say that if the act Subway did promote greater utility for the most number of people, then Subway could not have did something immoral. Since what they did produced good result then their act is morally acceptable and thus should not be condemned. Subway wishes to attract kids and tweens for their customers. They are promoting healthy food because they are promoting something about anti-obesity. According to Michelle Cordial, â€Å"children don’t want to eat healthy foods although they are talking about healthy food in school†. Teenagers, which make up a large number of their customers, are very much concern with the way they look and they are very much disturbed and conscious with their physical appearance and so I think that Subway chose to promote healthy but delicious food in order to appease and to please teenagers. As for the kids of younger age, I think that their advertisement and their promotion of healthy food are in order to please the parents. As a parent they would want their children to eat healthy foods and which restaurant offers healthy foods if not Subway? I think that something to that effect must be going on, on the minds of those responsible for the decisions being made in the management of Subway. I mentioned earlier that the target market of Subway is teenagers and children. How do they aim to do that? Subway did that by thinking of catchy promos which their clients cannot resist. Such promos includes getting key chains and lanyards on their Kids’ Pak meal and value meals and giving a promo from where one may win a chance to have a trip for six to Vans’ Triple Crown of Surfing competitions which would be held on Hawaii from November-December. It is normal for businessmen to improve the market of their products by thinking of promos which their clients cannot resist. Of course, Subway claims to be different from McDonald, KFC and the like. I think they made that claim because it is common knowledge that foods from such restaurants or fast food chains are high in cholesterol and thus expose their clients into the state of being fat. Claiming to be the same as the fast food chains I mentioned above would contradict the earlier claim made by Subway that they promotes healthy food now, wouldn’t it? I have mentioned earlier that such marketing strategy is very useful because it greatly appeals to their target clients. Of course, Subway is very successful because they are living up to their standards and because they are capable of thinking of gimmicks which would work and which would appeal greatly to their customers. In this line, I think that the strategy used by Subway is great because it helps attain what they set out to attain. I don’t think that Subway made an unwise choice by opening a branch in Iraq. Of course, before embarking upon a certain project a businessman must first check the location, the population and the like in order to see if their products would be accepted in a certain location or not and thus I think that their decision to open a branch there is made on rational grounds and thus not foolish. As I have mentioned earlier, Subway is doing very great strategy in that they always try to know their customers. Thus, needless to say their menu varies from one country to another. If they open a branch in a Muslim country, they would omit pork and ham from their menu. Because of this great sensitivity for their customers, I would not have any doubts whatsoever over their success on Iraq. Subways decision to do â€Å"Giant Subs†, dependent on the customers likes and dislikes shows their sensitivity and the way they value their customers and because of this it is no wonder that Subway is very successful. However, as most businesses are, Subway does have its critics. Eric Schlosser is at odds with the way Subway does their franchising, criticizing the way Subway competes with its competitors. Schlosser does not agree with the way Subway selected its position in order to better compete with their competitors. I’ve also read something about Subway fooling their customers. In the article it is said that Subway is being criticized by nutritionists despite the fact that Subways front is that they are a health restaurant. The criticisms can be clearly seen in this line, â€Å"Subway sells ‘trick food’ and hides the fact that many of its food items contain high levels of calories, fooling customers by the ‘less than 6 grams of fat’ signs commonly shown in ads or in stores worldwide.† (www.wikipedia.org). I would not condemn Subway for the way they operates because such things are common in businesses. Somehow, businessmen can’t help but make a fool of their clients by giving and showing them what they want to see. It is part of business to appear to be something they are not and I don’t think, not even for a minute, that Subway alone does such tricks. Also, the way Subway competes did not bother me for a minute because I believe that that is what business is all about – competition. Upon analyzing Subway, I came into the conclusion that Subway lives by the maxim â€Å"the end justifies the means† and thus my belief that they are utilitarians. The cunning Subway showed in fooling their customers made me reflect about a certain philosopher I know named Niccolo Machiavelli. Surely the idea to pretend to be something you’re not if it would keep you in your position originated from Machiavelli himself. Now, these things made me think that not only politicians alone read Machiavelli’s â€Å"The Prince†. It is very evident that businessmen got some advice from the great Machiavelli. I have made the claim that Subway is more of a utilitarian than a Kantian because of the reasons I have mentioned earlier in this paper. A Kantian would not, even for a second, put profits or benefits over the rights of an individual. Thus, I think Subway is very much a Utilitarian because it is evident in their action that they gives utmost importance to the consequences of their actions. If fooling a customer would yield better profit for them then they would not feel the slightest twinge of remorse upon fooling their customers. Also if people or rather their customers feels safer by eating in Subway even though their show that their products are health foods are nothing but a mere faà §ade then they should still go through it for the reason that it causes or it promotes more pleasure than pain or happiness than suffering. Since, their customers would not want to eat risky foods which would make them fat and would cause them great displeasure then the decision of Subway to fool their customers is not bad, at least for a utilitarian. Having made this paper, I therefore conclude that Subway lives more on a code of ethics which values the consequences of an action. The said ethics is called Utilitarianism. Thus, upon conclusion, Subway lives in the maxim â€Å"the end justifies the means†. Reference: http://www.echeat.com/ http://www.chiefmarketer.com/division/consumer-marketing/ http://www.subway.com/en-us https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page How to cite Marketing ethics, Essay examples Marketing Ethics Free Essays Marketing Activities —–Groupon Hong Kong Groupon is a deal a day websites, it provides a newly developed business model that offer group coupon per day. The companies provide the coupon of services and products with discount and it works as assurance contract. That means only if the number of people who sign up for the group coupon meet the minimum, the deal will become available. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, there are sharply increasing number of the complaints against the products of the group buying websites in Hong Kong . Groupon Hong Kong as the biggest group buying company, still being criticized as companies without ethical marketing in Hong Kong. This essay has facilitated the discovery of the ethics of Cadbury’s marketing activities. The discussion is mainly focused on marketing ethical of the products of the Groupon Hong Kong. The products will be analyzed based two ethical values which are responsibility and transparency with according to American Marketing Association (AMA). http://hk. apple. nextmedia. com/template/apple/art_main. php? ss_id=20110701sec_id=4104art_id=15391305 Responsibility: Groupon Hong Kong failed to accept the consequence of their marketing decision and strategies. On early September Groupon Hong Kong offers group coupon that customers only need to pay 148 for buying Mint Design shoes which priced $400 in the market. However, it fails to provide products to customers within the committed date as the product was shock out. Although there are many customers claimed to refund, the Groupon did not give any properly responds to customers. Instead of refund to customer Groupon offer another model shoes to customers and titled â€Å"upgraded service† without any reason and the agreement of the customers. (Apple Daily Newspaper 2011) The Groupon fail to provide products as they did not set the limit for the coupon appropriated with the inventory of the Mint Design and refuse to deal with the customers’ complaints. Instead of serve the customers to refund; the Groupon forced the customer to accept another â€Å"upgraded product†. According to AMA, it is unethical for Groupon simple ignore the customers’ claim and force them to accept another product. Transparency: http://hk. apple. nextmedia. com/template/apple/art_main. php? iss_id=20110924sec_id=4104subsec_id=11867art_id=15643242 Groupon Hong Kong also failed to create a spirit of openness in marketing operations. Customers MS Ng claims it is different to make appointment for enjoy the service which purchased through Groupon Hong Kong. However, she can easily make the appointment for the service in the same shop as a normal customer who paid for origin price. The Kinki Nail Professional said that they set limited quota daily for the Groupon Hong Kong’s customers. However, the Groupon did not disclose this to customers (Apple Daily Newspaper 2011). According to the AMA, companies have to explain and disclose the risk of the product or service which can determine customers to make the purchase decision. However, Groupon transparent insufficient information about the risk of failure for making booking for the service as the quota set by the suppliers. It is unethical in terms of transparency for group disclose insufficient information. http://hk. apple. nextmedia. com/template/apple/art_main. php? ss_id=20110924sec_id=4104subsec_id=11867art_id=15643242 From above information, it shows that marketing activities are ethical in term of responsibility and transparency. There are increased From my point of view, the Groupon as a leading company in group buying websites should be more responsible for customer needs. Also, Groupon as an intermediate between suppliers and customers, it is necessary for further communication with suppliers. This can help Groupon to provide accurate and comprehensive information of the products and services to customers. How to cite Marketing Ethics, Essay examples

Environmental Ethical Issues free essay sample

Environmental Ethical Issues Introduction to Ethics Social Responsibility April 1, 2010 Environmental Ethical Issues Environmental ethics is the discipline in philosophy that studies the moral relationship of human beings to, and also the value and moral status of, the environment and its nonhuman contents (Brennan Lo, 2008). Traditionally, environmental ethics put human being as the only living things with any intrinsic value, an end in itself. The earth and everything on the earth was strictly meant for the benefit of human beings. All other beings were regarded as having instrumental value; furthering some other ends. This theory or way of thinking is referred to as anthropocentric. In the last decades of the twentieth century this human centered theory was confronted with a new environmental ethical theory where humans were not the only living beings being considered to have intrinsic value. This new theory became one of importance because of the growing number of threats to the environmental condition of the world that we human beings live in. As human beings, the only ethical choice regarding the environment is to care for and preserve our environment so that we have an environment in which to prosper in the future. In a essay written by historian Lynn White jr. on the historical roots of the environmental crisis, he argues that â€Å"the main strands of Judeo-Christian thinking had encouraged the overexploitation of nature by maintaining the superiority of humans over all other forms of life on earth, and by depicting all of nature as created for the human use† (Brennan LO, 2008). These anthropocentric theories were originated from verses in the Bible where man is described as dominion over the earth and he should flourish and multiply. Judeo-Christian thoughts that lead humans to believe and live anthropocentrically are directly related to the environmental crisis that we face today. In 1968, Stanford ecologist Paul Ehrlich Published The Population Bomb, â€Å"warning (humans) that the growth of human population threatened the viability of planetary life systems† (Brennan and Lo, 2008). This caused people to look at the environment differently, in a non-anthropocentric manner. People began to realize that if they continued only respecting the rights of human beings and continued to disregard the importance of the earth and all other beings, it was going to negatively affect the environment, which they needed to survive. People became aware that if the world population continued to rise at such alarming rates, the environmental problems caused by overpopulation would increase in both number and seriousness. With the increased population and the anthropocentric manner of thinking, problems such as pollution and depletion of much needed natural resources would plague the humans of the world. Realizing what they stand to lose and at what financial costs has lead people to a thought process that resembles a non-anthropocentric view. It is not that all people have adopted a deep ecology belief, where they believe that all life forms have an intrinsic value and they as humans have a direct responsibility to maintain the environment for all life forms, but most humans now share the belief referred to as shallow ecology. This belief is that as humans, we have to protect the environment so that it can continue to support human life now and for future generations of human beings. Preserving what we have is exceptionally more cost effective that replacing it in the future. Currently â€Å"sixty countries have lost virtually all of their forest cover, more than three quarters of the world’s fish stocks (providing food for two billion people) are in steep decline, nearly one third of the globe’s cropland has been abandoned in the last forty years due to erosion, and the world has lost half of its wetlands and one third of it’s coral reefs (Adams, J. 2010, para. 4). According to these numbers, we are in the middle of an environmental crisis. Humans are realizing this crisis and they are suddenly showing more interest in environmental ethics. They are seeing the depletion with their own eyes and imagining how it is going to affect their wallets. Their beliefs of shallow ecology are sta rting to spread worldwide. People want to protect the environment that they have come to rely on so that it will continue to support them and not burden them financially in the future. People are not really doing this for ethical reasons, good or bad for the environment, but more for themselves as individuals. â€Å"When watersheds no longer provide fresh water, forests no longer help prevent droughts and floods, oceans no longer support healthy fish stocks, governments will be called on to provide†¦in other much more expensive ways†(Adams, J. , 2010, para. 5). It is very important to protect the environment, which supports our human life. We will not survive if we do not. Humans must make a choice to protect what they rely on for survival. The shallow ecology belief that is spreading throughout the world is still belief that humans are responsible for the protection environment, but only so that the environment stays in good enough shape that human life can be continually supported. The world is taking on an attitude of every man for himself, but this means that we must protect the environment for ourselves and our futures. People will become more and more aware of the importance of environmental ethics as it continues to affect them financially. An example being, when the price of oil went up dramatically, so did the price of gas. Only when the price of gas went up did companies really start the push of fuel-efficient cars and only when these companies started pushing them and the amount of money savings that was involved in owning one was there a real interest from people in owning them. The first concern in buying fuel-efficient cars is the money saved, second is the positive effect they have on the environment. In this world today, money is at the core of everything. If it will save money, people will generally do it.

The Union of Art and Two Souls free essay sample

My mother was a foreign country to a younger me. The language barrier-or lack of understanding of what was said or meant to be said was as obvious as an unforgiving ketchup stain on a new pair of slacks. Our relationship was at its worst during the end of my eight grade year when my art teacher, Mrs. Freighburg saved what was already thought to be an un-repairable relationship. My mother and I gained a new understanding through an unexpected report card worthy of all refrigerators. That report was an A+ in art class. In my house, a wooden block, a paint palette and a white piece of paper replaced the normal Barbie doll, soccer ball and endless supply of video games present in every child’s home. My creation’s wouldn’t stop on paper, but expand on to faces, link-in-logs and unfortunately to my mother’s dismay, the walls of our house. We will write a custom essay sample on The Union of Art and Two Souls or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I always feared that my potentials in life were not ones that my mother would approve of. How would art be an acceptable career to the mind of a straight-forward, factual woman like my mother? I grew angry at myself for possessing one talent I felt the need to keep hidden because of possible disproval. But one day changed all that. Last semester of my eight grade year, the mail had arrived and my mother quickly rushed outside to retrieve it. Moments later she burst through the door with an odd facial expression, a smile. I had not seen her smile in ages. â€Å"Why didn’t you tell me?† was all that could escape from her mouth. A tear trickled down her eye, slowly as if it were a lazy river, her hand softly dropped a white piece of paper in mine and for once I felt comfortable in my mother’s presence. â€Å"A+ in art class, keep up the amazing work Hayley!† I continued to read on. â€Å"The school would love to showcase you work in its own display boxâ₠¬  That was all I needed to read. I’ve had one future goal that I’ve carried with me since that day. That one goal use to be described as unappreciated and pointless. My goal to become an art teacher is none of those descriptions anymore. My need to ensure others of their talents as well as continue to express my creativity is my backbone to success. The crazy effects love has on the human mind and heart is unbelievable. To know that my love for art could bring to scarcely different souls like my mother and I together, pushes my need to embrace my talents. Painting a picture, you use all different colors, strokes, shapes and designs, but you need the base of a canvas to hold it all together. My mother, surprisingly, is my canvas and with that in mind, I will become an art teacher.

Polvoron Essays

Polvoron Essays Polvoron Paper Polvoron Paper I. Executive Summary The researchers Nikki Y Pulumbarit and Jessa P Alberto are both graduates with degrees in Hospitality Management at Mariano Quinto Alarilla Polytechnic College. The business plan entitled MILKYRON it is a variety of polvoron that has the mixture of fish and powdered milk. The product offer a healthful benefit to its clients through promoting consumption of fish specially fot the children who are not fond of eating fish. MILKYRON is very nutritious compared to the other polvoron offered int the market because it contain fish which is a good source of protein and also the milk which is rich in calcium. MILKYRON is very unique because of its flavor and its affordable price. The owners Nikki Y Pulumbarit and Jessa P Alberto are both financially capable on handling a business and the starting capital will be P 100, 000. 00. The mission of the business is to provide unique and healthful variety of polvoron and to consider foremost the satisfaction of the customer. The goals and objectives of MILKYRON is to start the business on April 25, 2013 and by gaining good customer feedback, to encourage other teenager to build their own business too even they are young. Also to expand our knowledge and capability on handling the business. MILKYRON will be beneficial to its customer because it has the mixture of fish which is good source of protein and milk which is a good source of calcium it is nutritious yet affordable. The future product will be Fishy Yummy Yema also it has the mixture of fish. The business is registered at Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under Sole- Proprietorship. Sole Proprietorship is a type of business enetity that is owned and run by a single person. MILKYRON is manage by Nikki Y Pulumbarit as the general manager and Jessa P Alberto as the Assistant Manager. Product manager will be Nikki Y Pulumbarit responsible for over-all running of the business and responsible for securing contracts, financial/ accounting and marketing purposes. Product Assistant Manager will be Jessa P Alberto responsible for securing employees compensation and responsible for customer service. The product MILKYRON will be marketable based on the data collected through survey answered by the respondents. According to the Age between 12-20 years old want to buy our product. In terms of Gender women are more likely interested on our product, the question â€Å"will you buy MILKYRON? most of the respondents answered that they will buy our product while the other are undecided. The survey also ask them that â€Å"what will be the best drink that will complement on our product? † most of them answered that water is the best complementary drink in MILKYRON. The business will located at Mc Arthur Highway Meycauayan Bulacan because most of the respondents answered t hat the perfect spot is on Commercial Area. MILKYRON has many competitors these are some, Goldilocks Polvoron, Sasmuan Polvoron who offered a natural kind of polvoron. This proves that our product is very unique because of the fish flavor itself. The price is very affordable it costs only P 5. 00 per piece. MILKYRON will be advertised through fliers, leaflets, tarpaulins and most of the time on social media sites like facebook and twitter. Organization / Person| Description| Purpose| JV Tarpaulin printing| Printing Services| Advertising| Globe Telecom| Mobile Phone Services| Customer Service and Advertising| Savemore Supermarket| Supply Shop| Ingredient Supplier| Engr. Benjamin Moronia Jr. | Financial Advisor| Financial Inquiries andProduct Consultant| K. Dot Computer Services| Computer Service Provider| Computer services|

Project Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project Management - Assignment Example Additionally, such technologies prove data management and visibility. It should be noted that companies and organizations that have above average performers in their warehouses usually performed with maximum quality and quantity along their production lines. Most of such organizations have been classified as world-class companies that have since lowered their warehousing costs annually. Therefore, in adopting a new warehouse for the Joshua Ltd management must consider adopting and implementing the technological systems within the warehouse. Warehouse Technology Investment Plan Most of the warehouse machineries must be in the automated equipment and visible data management that is provided for by the use of the internet monitoring technology. Even though the use of technology shall require adequate training of the employees, the system may be expensive for the very instance; however, the use of automated warehouse will be less expensive at the long run (Roberts, 2011). Additionally, t he installations and purchase of such equipment will be expensive for the company including the space that some of these automated equipments may require. ... Initiation of reporting capabilities and management planning Planning to adopt and use recommended warehouse layout and slotting tools. These tools will increase goods and services handling within and outside the warehouse. Moreover, in this category, the company may adopt highly experienced integrator systems to increase the productivity within the warehouse footprints (Mckinney, 2003; pg. 78). Finally, the new warehouse management must focus on analytics towards improving gross margin and productivity management. Background Information The current business demands especially business that are involved in supply chain can no longer ignore warehouse management system. Such companies and organizations usually expect more from warehouses especially to support them distribution operations (Site selection & industrial development, 1988; pg. 72). The warehouses provide great visibility in order, stacks statuses, and inventory especially inside the warehouse. Additionally, well-structured and organized warehouse will allow channel expansion and support sales growth as well as increase the tailored customer service fulfillment. Regardless of facility square footage or revenue of the company, different analyses have indicated warehouse management systems especially the automation are fundamental in facilitating effective and efficient warehousing technology towards best class productivity (Csapo? and Balogh, 2012; pg. 187). The contemporary warehouse management systems or technologies offer elaborate and expanded capabilities as well as improved visibility. Therefore, all companies regardless of the size should embark on effective warehouse systems and or technologies to fast track operation and service delivery within such organizations

Christian Afterlife Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Christian Afterlife - Essay Example ok in the communication between God and people according to the Christian faith, the New Testament (with concentration on Paul) gives a clear vision of the life of Christians as that which already takes part in the realities of heaven. Such Christian life is to be put into experience only after the return of Jesus Christ as well as the resurrection of human bodies. On the other hand, the Old Testament book in the bible, (Note that the Bible usually is divided into two testaments- the New and the Old) shows the images of afterlife less vividly in comparison with the New Testament. As a matter of fact, the image of afterlife in the Old Testament is only developed in a modest manner. Thus, the Old Testament, instead of concentrating on the issue of afterlife, gives a wide focus on the care that God offers to people in the context of earthly bestowments like offspring and land. It also touches on the punishment of God to the people such as the Israelites who were not faithful as well as the pagan nations in the form of death or exile. Christians, though, view the Old Testament as promising afterlife to God’s people. For instance, there is the part in the Old Testament that talks about the promises to Abraham by God in terms of offspring/land as symbolic to his afterlife blessing. This is due to the fact that the promises given by God to Abraham were not really experienced until a long time subsequent to his demise. This sense is fully expounded upon once one reads the New Testament of the Bible. (Ryken, et al, 1998 pp16,17) Those beliefs that Christians uphold are put in what is called Creeds. There are two majorly essential creeds according to the Christianity religion and these are the Nicene Creed and the Apostles Creed. They (Christians) only believe that there exists only a single God, and his nature is that of Love and relationship. God’s nature is vividly expressed in the Trinity belief for majority Christians and that these are three persons by the names

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Process

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Process Attempts at cloning a mammal can be traced back to 1979, where the scientist Steen Willadsen successfully cloned a sheep embryo using nuclear transfer [1]. Since then numerous attempts have been made to replicate these results. Notably the birth of Dolly the sheep (1996) was a major development in this field; as she was the first mammal to be cloned from a fully differentiated somatic cell, using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) [2]. This essay will describe the process of somatic cell nuclear transfer in light of mammalian cloning and the risks it poses to mammalian reproduction. The fertilization of mammalian gametes through natural reproduction is limited by the ability to preserve desirable traits after the extinction of an individual. Moreover, the reproductive success of natural fertilization is limited by the gestation length, estrus cycle, the efficiency of insemination during intercourse and Hayflick limit [3]. Furthermore, these limitations are chiefly important in livestock agriculture; where desired traits and alleles are more favourable for propagation. SCNT enables us to extract the nucleus of a fully differentiated somatic cell (diploid cells) and introduce it into an enucleated mature oocyte which is allowed to develop into an embryo; that is genetically identical to the host cell [4]. Other variations to this method are practised even though they all rely on the same principles. By this process, the limitations stated above become insignificant as specific mammals with the desired traits can be cloned to preserve the genome. However, this technique is still undeveloped and the success in producing cloned offspring is low. The success rate of SCNT is dependent on several factors; namely, selecting the right donor cell that will be most efficient to the nuclear transfer. In this process, fully differentiated somatic cells are selected based on their cell-cycle state and age. The G0 phase is most desired when selecting the donor cell as it has been shown to be the most effectual donor [5]. Conversely, deprivation of nutrient to the donor cells growing in vitro can also induce the cells to adopt the G0 resting phase. The age of donor cells also contribute to the success of cloning, the more aged the donor cell the less efficient SCNT becomes. Additionally, donor cells that are derived from more genetically diverse species are favoured, as it has been shown that cells obtained from inbred animals are less likely to be successful in cloning [6]. However, these factors are only relative to the limited species that have been examined and more factors may come to light as other species such as primates are subjected to SCNT. Once the donor somatic cells are identified, they are normally extracted from the skin of the donor mammal, using needle aspiration and avoiding unnecessary strain on the donor animal. Oocytogenesis is the process in which females produce oocytes. SCNT uses mature oocytes in metaphase-ll which are collected from the ovaries of the required animal [7]. The mature oocytes are enucleated using micromanipulation which penetrates the zona pellucida and removes the nucleus. There are two alternative routes which can be adopted when manipulating the process of the insemination of the nucleus donor cells into the mature oocytes. First, the Honolulu technique (developed by Wakayama) which uses brain cells, cumulus cells and sertoli cells as donors that are naturally in the G0/G1 phase. The nucleus of the somatic cell is aspirated and directly micro-injected into the oocyte using a piezo-impact pipette; which penetrates the zona pellucid and delivers the nucleus into the enucleated oocyte [8]. The oocytes are subsequently activated by exposing them to a medium containing Sr+2 that also contains cytochalasin-B which acts to prevent the formation polar bodies. Figure. 1[9] shows a diagrammatic representation of the Honolulu technique, highlighting that the nucleus is directly inserted into the mature oocyte. Secondly, the Roslin technique (used to create Dolly the sheep) cultures donor cells in vitro and deprives them of nutrients; forcing the cells to adopt the G0 phase. Subsequently, the enucleated oocyte is aligned next to the donor cell; such that the oocyte and donor cell are parallel to one another. Pulsating electrical currents are applied to fuse the oocyte and donor cell together, by inducing pore formation of the cell membrane [10]. Figure.1In the Honolulu and Roslin techniques the use of chemicals and electrical pulses induce the activation of the oocyte, which can subsequently develop into an embryo which is implanted into a surrogate host for progeny development. The activation of the oocyte induces major reprogramming of the differentiated donor nuclei back to its totipotent state [11]. This process is extremely intricate and the full biochemical mechanisms are not fully understood. However, extensive research has been completed in understanding an overview of oocyte reprogramming and epigenetic modification. The introduction of a somatic nucleus into the oocyte causes rapid deacetylation of histones on lysine residues, catalysed by histone deacetlase. Moreover, the donor chromatins also experience demethylation [12], which is also a method that is used to dedifferentiate the nuclei back to totipotent state. Aberrant or incomplete DNA reprogramming is thought to be a major contributor to abnormal development in embryos and clones which can explain why only 1% of SCNT are successful in producing fully developed clones. Figure.2The efficiency of the Honolulu technique and the success rate of cloning have been shown to be superior to the Roslin technique [12]. However, the overall success rate of cloning, irrespective of the method used is still considerably low, with only 1% success rate. Figure. 2 [13] shows the percentage of embryos surviving prior to implantation with surrogate and post implantation. Moreover, there are several risks associated with clones derived from mammalian SCNT. These risks also have ethical implications that follow. Phenotypic abnormalities that are associated with clones derived from SCNT ranges from aberrant telomere length (which can lead to premature ageing) to large offspring syndrome and irregular placenta development during embryonic growth. The telomere length and ageing of clones are thought to be directly correlated. Telomeres are situated on the ends of chromosomes and consist of numerous repetitive DNA bases that function to stabilise and prevent deterioration of the chromosome [14]. Experimental observations show that some species of mammals are prone to shorter telomere lengths in comparison with a control. It is also thought that the telomeres are not fully restored to the original length during SCNT. Such implications can suggest that the sizes of the somatic cell telomeres are inherited by the clones; therefore producing clones that have already aged [15]. Dolly lived until she was 6 years of age (half the age of an average sheep) and was shown to have shorter telomeres in comparison to a control (19 kb vs. 23 kb) implying that she died prematurely. However, shorter telomeres in clones are not universally applicable as in mice, bovine and cattle all showed similar lengths to their respective control, if not lon ger [16]. The occurrence of shorter telomere lengths in some species suggests that the donor cell species and genetic background govern it. Nevertheless, the exact cause of short telomere length is still not yet fully comprehendible, yet some studies indicate that it might be caused by incomplete reprogramming [17]. Large offspring syndrome (LOS) is characterised by larger than normal clones that have oversized organs and aberrant limb formation which all can lead to an increase in prevalence of organ defects and cardiovascular difficulties. These characteristics have been observed in cattle and can contribute to higher abortions rate and deformities in skeletal structure. However, offspringà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s derived from cloned mammals diagnosed with LOS, were shown not to have LOS [18]. This suggests that again irregular epigenetic reprogramming during SCNT is a contributor to LOS as the progeny of the clones (which are born naturally) fail to have LOS. Embryos that are derived from SCNT have been shown to have abnormal/enlarged placenta development (placentomegaly) during embryonic growth. The abnormalities occur in both bovine and mice [19] and can cause the developing fetus to die during pregnancy. The aberrant placenta in mice is shown to have an increased amount of insulin- like growth factor which can cause LOS in clones. Moreover, failure for the placenta to develop accordingly during the pregnancy of clones can cause immune-mediated abortion [20]. The risks to mammalian reproduction stated above can produce clones that are phenotypically defective which raises ethical concerns. The abnormalities in clones can cause harmful side effects and can lead to cloned mammals suffering. We have seen that some mammals show premature ageing which can ultimately lead to premature death. The welfare of these clones seems to be disregarded in the experiments that are conducted. Moreover, there are concerns that a small proportion of cloned animals can enter our food chain, which is thought to be unsafe. However, recent studies show that consumption of cloned animals is safe to homosapeins [21]. The prospect of human SCNT also has deep ethical implications. Current legislation in all countries prevents SCNT in humans. Nonetheless, the proposed benefits that SCNT offers (therapeutic cloning) may one day outweigh the ethical concerns. If this occurs, it would shake the foundations of tradition, as humans can be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢producedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ asexually with their genomic sequence known [22]. This can lead to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"gene discrimination by other non cloned humans, and by cooperate companies who can prevent human clones (that may be prone to specific dieses) from obtaining insurance, for example. In conclusion, Somatic cell nuclear transfer has been successfully used to clone mammals from fully differentiated somatic cell. However, this technique is largely inefficient and a major Impediment is that only 1% of somatic cells successfully developed into clone. The lack of understanding on oocyte reprogramming can be contributed to the inefficiency of this technique. Moreover, this has lead to some clones showing abnormal phenotypic features which has major ethical implications. Nevertheless, somatic cell nuclear transfer shows great promise in the fields of medical therapeutics, agriculture and conservation once all aspects of its process are understood.

El Cairum/Cairo †the most populated city in Africa Essay

El Cairum or known today as Cairo ranks the most populated city in Africa with the population of 7.8 million and ranked first in the economy in the Middle East. Cairo demonstrates innumerous amount of culture, art, food, newly found sports, and an enrich history throughout its city. It’s known for its tourism, multi-culture, and astonishing city’s sights. Which I found all to be authentically true. If you were to live in Cairo, then first you might notice a significant difference in the climate. First of all, if you’re use to a temperature climate with an average humidity then you’ll surely find a dramatic change in Cairo’s climate. Cairo’s climate is a desert climate therefore it has extremely dry seasons, very little amount of rain, and high temperature. However, since the city is along the Nile River, it has high humidity, harsh flooding during heavy rainfall, and frequent windstorms. So if you’re not a person who handles heat very well it might not be the place to go to. Also, it has a rich geography which multiple locations. Cairo is located in Northern Egypt and along the Nile River as stated before but it’s also south of the Mediterranean Sea and west of the Gulf of Suez. At first, Cairo was developing its cities eastern but since they ran out of space to continue western thus having develop an underground water sewage system to feed the western part of the city. Most skyscrapers are located in the greenish area boarding the Nile River giving it a unique skyline. Anyhow, since Cairo is a city and is among Africa’s largest city and Egypt’s capital its infrastructure is enormous. It has a well-structure education system with multiple universities including Al Azhar University, Cairo University, American University in Cairo, and Higher Technological Institute. Their healths structure it by far the most advance level of medical care in the country. Also having degrees in medical care in some of the cities’ universities. Transportation in Cairo is also a well built system. With having multiple of transports such as the road network, rail system, subway system, and maritime services. However it can get overcrowded during rush hour. Moreover, Cairo delivers Egypt’s 90% of overall culture making it the main attraction for tourism. It’s also famous for places like the Cairo Opera House, Khedivial Opera House, Cairo International Film Festival, and the Cairo Geniza. All associated to be over centuries of years old. Thus, making Cairo have a large economy with tourism. So it isn’t hard to find a job in Cairo if you’re ever willing to stay. But if you just dropping by, I suggest you go to the Cairo Tower for the most spectacular view of Cairo or you can drop by one of their tons of mosques or visit the Egyptian Museums. It sure is better than an ordinary test book too. Only thing you might want to look out for in Egypt is the pollution since it’s currently the main issue in Cairo other than that, it’s a great place to visit.

Journal summary

Michele Semen's article was written as a useful means to give perspective to prospective and current teacher's information with regards to developing their own Pipes. The article is compromised primarily of past experiences from preservers teachers who wrote Pipes in their own undergraduate course and the challenges that they faced from their own inexperience's. The student's personal experiences enhance the readers understanding of the challenges in writing Pipes and techniques to simplify the process.Article Summary College student's experiences of writing individual experience programs are examined in this article by highlighting personal experiences of the students in an individual and group setting. Nineteen college level students that are in their junior year have been indoctrinated in a two year college teacher education program that was designed to not only show them previously designed Pipes but also instruct the in the art of designing their own program.The educational prog ram lasted over a period of two years and consisted of non graded activities, in class participation, personal reflections, and students writing their own personal Pipes. The two year course consisted of multiple PEP in class discussions and assignments that were intentionally unguarded. In the discussions, the dents discussed how to write various goals and objectives in developing personal Pipes. Multiple examples and case studies were utilized in developing their personal Pipes.The course also consisted of open ended questionnaires and evaluations in order to produce common trends and thoughts that students had in developing their programs. One major trend identified was that students recognized the importance of focusing on individualizing with respect to student's educational strengths and knowledge. Students recognized that for an PEP to function correctly, it must not be created in mineral terms but must be created to focus on the individual student.

Should Marijuana Be Illegal Drugs - 967 Words

Have you ever believed in something and later came to the realization it just wasn’t true? Perhaps when you were younger, all the children believed in great ole Saint Nick until we became older and realized their really isn t a fat white guy sliding down the chimney delivering presents to families. Well I once had a belief until one day that all changed. Her name was Marijuana. Many people hold extreme views regarding drugs, especially illegal drugs. Anti-drug individuals often present a view of all illegal drugs as horrendous and without any redeeming qualities. I used to be this individual. Before my newfound discovery I believed marijuana usage was unacceptable , while despising the users. I perceived marijuana as a gateway drugs to other harmful dangerous drugs and a narcotic that honestly ruined individuals lives. Personally I believed that marijuana made individuals lazy , while forcing users into having lackadaisical motivational attitudes and being negligent with their futures and education. All of my asinine and irrational beliefs on this narcotic all came to a hault the day I experienced my first high. The first time I got high was after graduation practice and it honestly was one of the best days of my life. My best friend and I decided we would reward ourselves for exceling and graduating high school. My experience smoking marijuana for the first time was sensational. The euphoric feeling I felt had me sitting on cloud nine. All of my worries and stress I hadShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legal And Illegal Drugs?872 Words   |  4 Pages Marijuana is one of the most popularly used drugs in the world, and is growing in popularity every year because of the fact that it has great potential for medical use, is relatively harmless compared to other legal and illegal drugs, and can be used to create practical household items. It is popular with many groups as a recreational drug, but recent research has suggested that marijuana can be very useful in medical applic ations. It contains chemicals that affect the central nervous systemRead MoreThe Drug Marijuana916 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana is one of the most commonly abused drugs around the world and is categorized by the US Drug Enforcement Agency as a schedule I drug. This means it has a higher chance of being abused. (â€Å"Legalization of marijuana: potential impact on youth† 1825). 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